Key Terms-Chapter 5
Section 1
frescoes- paintings made on wet plaster walls
polis- the Greek word for citystate which is usually developed around a fort
acropolis- a hill
agora- a marketplace
Minoans- an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or a memeber of the Minoan people
Mycenaeans- an inhabitant of Mycenae or a member of the Mycenaean peope from the Greek mainland who conquered central Crete
Section 2
myths- traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes
oracles- are believed by the Greeks that the Gods spoke through priests and priestesses at this special place
aristocracies- nobles who controlled Greek city-states
hoplite- a kind of nonaristocratic soldier
tyrants- the leaders who were able to bring a better life to people
popular government- the idea that people can and should rule themselves
democracy- government in which citizens take part
Lliad- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Odyssey- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Homer- a blind poet who wrote two gret epics called "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
Olympic Games- important contests held every four year in honor of Zeus and only men could watch or compete in these games
Section 3
helots- conquered people
ephors- the people who made sure that the kings stayed within the law
metics- the second group in Athenian society
archons- rulers who served one-year terms
direct democracy- the form of democracy Aathens had under Cleisthenes
represent ice democracy- where citizens elect representatives to govern for them
Draco- an archon who is believed to have created Athen's first written law code at around 621 B.C.
Solon- became an archon in 594 B.C. and settled disputes between creditors and debtors
Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant between 546 B.C. and 527 B.C.
Cleisthenes- seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy in about 507 B.C.
Section 4
terracing- carving small, flat plos of land from hillsides
import- a good or service bought from another country or region
export- a good or service sold to another country or region
pedagogue-a male slave who taught the boys manners
ethics- deals with what is good and bad, and moral duty
rhetoric- the study of oratory or public speking, and debating
Sappho- an ancient Greek poet
Sopists- men who opened schools for older boys
Section 5
Persian Wars- the war where Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Perians and conflicts rose between Greece and Persia that lasted until 479 B.C.
Battle of Marathon- the battle where the Athenians, although outnumbered, defeated the Persians
Battle of Thermopylae- a battle in 480 B.C. where a Greek army was annihilated y the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
Themistocles- Athen's leader
Delian League- an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader
Pericles- a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. and was the leader in Athens a this time
Peloponnesian War- the war where Pericles failed to unite Greece under Athens, quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth and tensions grew between Athens and Sparta until war broke out in 431 B.C.
frescoes- paintings made on wet plaster walls
polis- the Greek word for citystate which is usually developed around a fort
acropolis- a hill
agora- a marketplace
Minoans- an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or a memeber of the Minoan people
Mycenaeans- an inhabitant of Mycenae or a member of the Mycenaean peope from the Greek mainland who conquered central Crete
Section 2
myths- traditional stories about gods, goddesses, and heroes
oracles- are believed by the Greeks that the Gods spoke through priests and priestesses at this special place
aristocracies- nobles who controlled Greek city-states
hoplite- a kind of nonaristocratic soldier
tyrants- the leaders who were able to bring a better life to people
popular government- the idea that people can and should rule themselves
democracy- government in which citizens take part
Lliad- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Odyssey- a great epic written by Homer (according to tradition)
Homer- a blind poet who wrote two gret epics called "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
Olympic Games- important contests held every four year in honor of Zeus and only men could watch or compete in these games
Section 3
helots- conquered people
ephors- the people who made sure that the kings stayed within the law
metics- the second group in Athenian society
archons- rulers who served one-year terms
direct democracy- the form of democracy Aathens had under Cleisthenes
represent ice democracy- where citizens elect representatives to govern for them
Draco- an archon who is believed to have created Athen's first written law code at around 621 B.C.
Solon- became an archon in 594 B.C. and settled disputes between creditors and debtors
Peisistratus- ruled over Athens as a tyrant between 546 B.C. and 527 B.C.
Cleisthenes- seized power in Athens and turned it into a democracy in about 507 B.C.
Section 4
terracing- carving small, flat plos of land from hillsides
import- a good or service bought from another country or region
export- a good or service sold to another country or region
pedagogue-a male slave who taught the boys manners
ethics- deals with what is good and bad, and moral duty
rhetoric- the study of oratory or public speking, and debating
Sappho- an ancient Greek poet
Sopists- men who opened schools for older boys
Section 5
Persian Wars- the war where Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against the Perians and conflicts rose between Greece and Persia that lasted until 479 B.C.
Battle of Marathon- the battle where the Athenians, although outnumbered, defeated the Persians
Battle of Thermopylae- a battle in 480 B.C. where a Greek army was annihilated y the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
Themistocles- Athen's leader
Delian League- an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader
Pericles- a great general, orator, and statesman who held public office or was active in public life from 461 B.C. to 429 B.C. and was the leader in Athens a this time
Peloponnesian War- the war where Pericles failed to unite Greece under Athens, quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth and tensions grew between Athens and Sparta until war broke out in 431 B.C.
Greece Key Terms Continued...-Chapter 6
Section 1
golden age- the age where Greece entered a new era of cultural progress
Acropolis- a high hill which was the center of the original city-state
Parthenon- a white marble temple built in honor of Athena
Myron- one of history's greatest sculptors who lived during the golden age
Phidias- one of history's greatest sculptors who lived during the golden age
Praxiteles- lived about 100 years after Phidias, creating a very different kind of sculpture by sculpting more lifelike and natural in form and size
Section 2
philosophy- the study if basic questions of reality and humn existence
aristocracy- a government ruled by an upper class
dramas- plays containing action or dialogue and inolving conflict and emotion
tragedies- where the main character struggled against fate, or events
Socrates- an Athenian who was one of the most important thinkers of the new era
Plato- a wealthy young aristocrat and the greatest of Socrate's students
Aristotle- one of Plato's students who believed that every field of knowledge had to be studied logically
Pythagoras- a philosopher who believed that everything could be explained in terms of mathematics
Hippocrates- he was considered to be the founder of medical science
Herodotus- the first Historian of the Western world
Sophocles- a writer of tragedies who defended many Greek values
Euripides- the third great playwrite of the Golden Age and was more realisic than Aeschylus and Sophocles
Aristophanes- the finest writer of Greek comedies and was known for his sharp wit
Section 3
phalanx- contained rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder who carried pikes, or heavy spears, up to about 18 feet longorators- publicspeakers Philip II(the second) of Macaedon- a young man who became king in 359B.C.Demosthenes- one of Athen's finest orators who led Athenian opposition to Philip
Alexander the Great- Philip's 20-year-old son who succeeded him
Hellenistic culture- no longer purely Hellenic or Greek
Section 4
Zeno- established the Stoic philosophy in Athens and believed that divine reason directs the world, therefore, people should accept their fate without complaint
Epicurus- founder of Epicurean philosophy and taught that the aim of life is to seek pleasure and avoid pain
Euclid- contributed extremely important work to the development of geometry
Archimedes- the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic period and calculated the value of pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
Aristarchus- correctly believed that the Earth and other planets moved around the Sun but failed to convince others
Eratosthenes- calculated the distance around the Earth with amazing accuracy
golden age- the age where Greece entered a new era of cultural progress
Acropolis- a high hill which was the center of the original city-state
Parthenon- a white marble temple built in honor of Athena
Myron- one of history's greatest sculptors who lived during the golden age
Phidias- one of history's greatest sculptors who lived during the golden age
Praxiteles- lived about 100 years after Phidias, creating a very different kind of sculpture by sculpting more lifelike and natural in form and size
Section 2
philosophy- the study if basic questions of reality and humn existence
aristocracy- a government ruled by an upper class
dramas- plays containing action or dialogue and inolving conflict and emotion
tragedies- where the main character struggled against fate, or events
Socrates- an Athenian who was one of the most important thinkers of the new era
Plato- a wealthy young aristocrat and the greatest of Socrate's students
Aristotle- one of Plato's students who believed that every field of knowledge had to be studied logically
Pythagoras- a philosopher who believed that everything could be explained in terms of mathematics
Hippocrates- he was considered to be the founder of medical science
Herodotus- the first Historian of the Western world
Sophocles- a writer of tragedies who defended many Greek values
Euripides- the third great playwrite of the Golden Age and was more realisic than Aeschylus and Sophocles
Aristophanes- the finest writer of Greek comedies and was known for his sharp wit
Section 3
phalanx- contained rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder who carried pikes, or heavy spears, up to about 18 feet longorators- publicspeakers Philip II(the second) of Macaedon- a young man who became king in 359B.C.Demosthenes- one of Athen's finest orators who led Athenian opposition to Philip
Alexander the Great- Philip's 20-year-old son who succeeded him
Hellenistic culture- no longer purely Hellenic or Greek
Section 4
Zeno- established the Stoic philosophy in Athens and believed that divine reason directs the world, therefore, people should accept their fate without complaint
Epicurus- founder of Epicurean philosophy and taught that the aim of life is to seek pleasure and avoid pain
Euclid- contributed extremely important work to the development of geometry
Archimedes- the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic period and calculated the value of pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
Aristarchus- correctly believed that the Earth and other planets moved around the Sun but failed to convince others
Eratosthenes- calculated the distance around the Earth with amazing accuracy